Showing posts with label Slender Bluet. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Slender Bluet. Show all posts

Thursday, July 3, 2014

The Slender Bluets of Stoco Lake

In late July of 2013 some Slender Bluets were found to be breeding in Stoco Lake, located in south-central Hastings County. As of that time Enallagma traviatum was only known from southwestern Ontario. The past winter was the harshest in the last twenty years, did the little colony of damselflies survive?

Slender Bluets begin to fly about mid June in the more northern parts of their known range, so late June seemed like a good time to begin looking for them locally. The first 2014 encounter at Stoco Lake occurred on June 26th, and although the photo is out of focus the following features are quite obvious:

– Large blue eyespots
– Lots of blue on the prothorax
– Very narrow shoulder stripe
– Abdomen very thin, mostly black, S8 and S9 blue, S10 black
– Long terminal appendages



June 29, 2014: between 7:30 AM and 8:00 AM – over twenty males and two tandem and/or mating pairs were sighted. The Slender Bluets weren't particularly wary but they were still difficult to photograph because they wouldn't sit still. The males were continuously harassing one another and engaging in territorial combats over a choice leaf. The damselflies were concentrated in two Silver Maples near the shoreline, perching at about eye level or a bit higher. Based on their appearance they have likely been flying for at least a week to ten days.

Judging by their numbers it appears that the Slender Bluets not only survived but are thriving. Perhaps this is not unexpected since they have been recorded at the same latitude from Wisonsin and Michigan. A few images of one of the males, looking at the terminal appendages this is clearly Enallagma traviatum westfalli.






One of the two tandem/mating pairs encountered.



Images of three different males perching in the trees.

Male #1



Male #2


Male #3


June 30, 2014: between 10:00 AM and 10:30 AM – three tandem and/or mating pairs were observed, one of them to the west of the pier. Some photos of a male and two of the pairs, again, it was difficult to find a male actually sitting still. For reasons known only to Slender Bluets some leaves were better than others, and there was a constant power struggle for the best spot.




July 01, 2014: between 8:00 AM and 8:30 AM – still lots of males in the trees, and another two tandem and/or mating pairs were observed. Note the distinctive black mark on female's S8.


Slender Bluets prefer ponds or lakes with plenty of emergent vegetation and treed shorelines, and Stoco Lake fits that description perfectly. These hardy little damselflies have demonstrated they can withstand the rigors of a serious winter and the local predators, and there are definitely more of them than there were last summer – how extensively have they populated the lake, anyway?

It seems that Enallagma traviatum westfalli is no longer a "colonist" but rather a permanent resident and here to stay.



July 04, 2014: about 9:00 AM – over ten male, and one tandem pair, of Slender Bluets were sighted in the rushes and shrubs along the lakeshore. This does not include the usual crowd hanging out in the trees (they have already been counted recently).



July 09, 2014: east of Tweed, along the trans-Canada Trail (44.480417°, -77.301251°) – one male and one female Slender Bluet were perching on the shrubs bordering the trail; this is a fair distance from water and the first encounter not at Stoco Lake.



July 11, 2014: east of Tweed, near intersection of Lajoie Rd. and the trans-Canada Trail (44.48250°, -77.29556°), a wooded area with clearings supporting wildflowers – 2 males, a good distance from Stoco Lake, the lagoon, however, is not far away, perhaps the damselflies are breeding in there?



July 12, 2014: two areas along the north shore of the lake, east of Tweed, were surveyed. Both habitats are similar to where the Slender Bluets are currently present, deciduous woodlands to the north, and the lake – supporting pondweed, water lilies and some emergent vegetation – lies to the south.

44.478348°, -77.299506° – east of the mouth of the Moira River and south of Lakeview Lane.

44.479706°, -77.297234° – a gneiss outcrop on the north shore of Stoco Lake.

There was no evidence of Slender Bluets flying at either of these sites.



July 16, 2014: north shore of Stoco Lake – east of the boat pier (44.474563°, -77.306227°) at about 8:30 AM – two males, in the same tree where a couple of weeks ago there were at least twenty. It appears that the Slender Bluets have had their day in the sun for this year.




July 19, 2014: trans-Canada Trail east of Tweed – deciduous woodland with clearings created by the trans-Canada Trail, Stoco Lake is nearby to the south (44.489945°, -77.288357°). A lone male Slender Bluet was encountered perching on the Poison Ivy along the side of the trail.



August 03, 2014: north shore of Stoco Lake – east of the boat pier (44.474563°, -77.306227°) at about 9:00 AM. It was warm but overcast, and though otherwise there was not much odonate activity two male Slender Bluets were sighted perching in the Silver Maples along the shoreline. I haven't encountered any of these damselflies for a couple of weeks and am surprised they are still flying. One of the insects was captured in order to take photos of the head and thorax, and the claspers.

Slender Bluet male #1 ...


Slender Bluet male #2 ...







August 19, 2014: near the Pavilion – (44.472550°, -77.307777°) shortly after 12:00 noon, the weather was warm and sunny. The habitat is the same as near the boat pier where the majority of these damselflies were encountered earlier this summer ... mud bottom and a marshy shoreline with relatively shallow stagnant water supporting emergent plants such as rushes, water lilies, wapato and pickerelweed.

Over thirty Tule Bluets were foraging for food or searching for a mate among the shoreline rushes, and this female Slender Bluet (as well as a lone male Hagen's Bluet) stood out like a sore thumb among the larger, darker Tule Bluets. It looks like it's anyone's guess how late in the season these damselflies are going to be flying, last year they were none to be found after late July. According to Ed Lam's "Damselflies of the Northeast" Slender Bluets fly until early September in New Jersey, but that's a long way from Stoco Lake in south-central Hastings County, Ontario!


Closeup shots of the head, thorax and terminal abdominal segments.





September 10, 2014: north shore of Stoco Lake – east of the boat pier (44.474563°, -77.306227°), at about 2:00 PM, cloudy, possibly rain on the horizon and very breezy. It's no longer a matter of guesswork whether or not the local Slender Bluets fly in September.



Tuesday, December 17, 2013

A Good Year

"People who daily expect to encounter fabulous realities run smack into them again and again. They keep their minds open for their eyes." ~ Ken Macrorie

For the student of nature, amateur and professional alike, by definition every year is a good year. There’s always something different to see and new to learn. From a more personal and local perspective 2013 has been exceptional in terms of encounters with species that are rare, vagrants, or (according to current literature) outside of their known ranges.

Four of the sightings – the Varied Thrush, the Juniper Hairstreak, the Painted Skimmer, and the Mantidfly (Dicromantispa sayi) – were brought to my attention by observant friends who share my interests in nature, science, and the conservation and protection of the flora and fauna around us. The notable highlights of the past twelve months are ...

Varied Thrush – normally a western species, an occasional vagrant in Ontario.
Juniper Hairstreak – considered to be rare, but there are a few hanging out in a copse of Eastern Red Cedars 1½ kilometers west of Tweed.
Slender Bluet – a small colony is breeding in Stoco Lake, well north of its normal range.
Painted Skimmer – photographed by a friend, about 1½ kilometers west of Tweed. This striking dragonfly seems to be extending its range northward.
Dainty Sulphur – a rare vagrant in Ontario, and a "lifer" for me. Big surprises sometimes come in small packages.
Dicromantispa sayi – a friend found this small Mantidfly along Lost Channel Road south of Tweed and its identity has been confirmed at BugGuide.Net. It's wandering far from home, because according this 2006 study published by the Entomological Society of Canada, The Mantispidae of Canada, Dicromantispa sayi is only known from extreme southwestern Ontario.


As always, every year my sightings of UFOs – Unidentified Fungal Objects – grows longer. This bright yellow slime mold plasmodium was found growing under a piece of bark. Physarum polycephalum, perhaps?



Also on the underside of some bark on the forest floor, some translucent jelly-like fungi. Kind of look like Gummy Bears, don't they? I don't know if they taste like Gummy Bears. Curiosity is a commendable character trait but some experiments, for example taste testing unknown fungi, are a really bad idea ...





A missed opportunity to study the association between an interesting pair of fungi? While taking these photos I thought the three clavate fungi were a grouping of Common Earth Tongue. But having had a closer look at the images, the stalks are distinctly paler than the heads, and the overall shapes of the growths are atypical for Common Earth Tongue.

It’s more likely the stalked growths are Adder’s Tongue (Cordyceps ophioglossoides), which is parasitic on the underground fungus called Elaphomyces granulatus – note the growth near the bottom of the photo – but it’s too late now to go back for a second look ...



The next four images depict a common woodland mushroom that grows in large clusters on dead tree trunks and the forest floor, probably on buried dead wood. The cortina or web-like veil covering the gills on younger specimens, as well as the clearly defined ring zones left by the partial veils, indicate a species of Cortrinarius.




A group of more mature mushrooms, the caps are about 75 mm to 100 mm in diameter. Sad to say, but even after having studied dozens of these mushrooms in all stages of their growth, I am none the wiser and their identity remains a mystery to me ...



This large group of mushrooms was encountered growing in a grassy area, but there was a stump nearby so it’s possible the fungi are actually fruiting on buried dead wood. Again, the webbed veils on the undersides of the caps strongly suggest Cortinarius. The purplish flesh and stems should help identify this ‘shroom, but I didn’t make any spore prints ...




Mushroom identification seems to be my nemesis. The color and satiny sheen of these common mushrooms should help narrow down the species, as should the substrate they are anchored in. Although the 'shrooms appear to be fruiting on a lawn, the photos were taken alongside the trans-Canada Trail and the growth medium, hidden just beneath the grassy surface, is coarse sand and gravel.




My list of unknown, unexplained and unidentified species is by no means confined to fungi. For example, what’s this large orange female spider? In the absence of any clear markings and without images of the epigyne and scape, it’s impossible to narrow the ID any further than the genus level – Araneus.





What insect produced these Mottled Oak Galls scattered all over the woodland floor? The fat white grub ensconced within tells us the culprit producing the galls is an insect, not a mite or a fungus, but that still leaves hundreds of possibilities ...




A picturesque patch of moss found near a woodland stream. Despite its distinctive characteristics my knowledge of Bryophytes is limited (actually, it would be more correct to say my expertise in this area of botany is pretty much non-existent) and I haven’t been able to identify it as yet.






A flowering plant growing near the same stream, too bad the flowers are withered, they might have helped narrow the ID ....


Most (but not all) of the spiny-toothed leaves are deeply lobed. At the time I mistakenly deemed this to be sufficient data to identify the wildflower and I didn't bother taking detailed pictures of any other parts of the plant. Months have passed and it's too late to correct my error in judgement, and given the paucity of information in the two images the best I can come up with is Rattlesnakeroot – Prenanthes spp.



Another mystery plant found in a moist wooded area.

About a day after posting this the "mystery plant" is no longer a mystery! As I'm sitting in front of the computer at the library studying my photos a voice says: "That's Aralia racemosa, it's somewhat uncommon in Hastings County." The voice of insight and illumination spake not from within the deepest recesses of my mind, but rather from behind my right shoulder. It belonged to a friend from south of town who I only run into on occasion, and he also informed me – I had no idea all the time I have known him – that he was a botanist.

A quick Internet search verified that my acquaintance was right on the money and the plant is indeed Spikenard (Aralia racemosa). I also checked the library's copy of The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario and sure enough, Spikenard was right there on Page #141 and I had been overlooking it all along.





Small flowering plants about 20 cm tall, they look like they belong to the Mint family, countless numbers were growing along a marsh near Sulphide.




In addition to catching up on the "unidentified" files, there are already things on my to-do list of field activities for next year:

– What species are these Spiketail naiads? I’m going to capture a couple of larvae before they are expected to emerge in early June and raise them.
– How widely distributed is our local population of Slender Bluets?
– How extensive is the range and population of the Common Five-lined Skink in my corner of the world? The southern shield population of Ontario's only lizard is of special concern.
– Chimney Swifts are considered to be threatened in Ontario. These small crepuscular "flying cigars" can be seen cruising overhead – in groups composed of as many as eight individuals – on summer evenings in Tweed. But where are they nesting?

I also plan to carry on with my study of ferns and their non-flowering relatives. And on my wish list for species to encounter and photograph next year ... American Rubyspot, Tawny Emperor, Early Hairstreak, Olympia Marble, Chryxus Arctic ... one can always hope ...